季铵盐杀生剂杀生性能与机理研究进展

Research progress in the biocidal performance and mechanism of quaternary ammonium salt biocide

摘要:

本文对国内外季铵盐杀生剂及其杀生性能与机理研究进行了综述。以已有的季铵盐7代产品的发展历程为基础，提出可按季铵盐的结构特点将其分为单链季铵盐、双链季铵盐、聚季铵盐和混合季铵盐4个大类。进而，结合这4个大类季铵盐杀生剂的结构特点，以菌藻为杀抑对象，对其所具有的杀生性能与机理分别进行了阐述，归纳了季铵盐杀生剂杀生过程的6个基本步骤和杀生作用的4个基本方式。在此基础上特别提出，研究季铵盐分子与其作用对象的关键作用位点和致死作用方式应是机理研究的要点所在；针对具体作用对象的浓度，研究得到杀生剂的浓度与作用时间的关系是其应用的重要基础。最后，给出了今后对季铵盐杀生剂杀生性能与机理研究工作的若干建议。

Abstract:

Quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) biocide and the researches of its biocidal performance and mechanism were reviewed. Based on the development course of existing QAS seven generations products, they were classified into four types biocides, i.e. single-chain QAS, double-chain QAS, polymer QAS and mixed QAS, according to the structural characteristics. The biocidal performance and mechanism of QAS biocide were described by combining the structural characteristics of four types biocides and using bacterial and algae as the action objects. Six basic steps of biocidal process and four basic modes of biocidal action were concluded. Based on the statements above, it was especially emphasized that study on the key action site and lethal action mode of QAS molecule on its action object was the main points of mechanism research. Aiming at concentration of a concrete action object, the researches of obtaining the relationship between the concentration and action time of biocide were the important foundation of application. Finally, some research suggestions of the biocidal performance and mechanism of QAS biocide were put forward.