邻苯二甲酸酯的合成及其性能研究

Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Phthalate

摘要:

以邻苯二甲酸酐和脂肪醇为原料，硫酸氢钠为催化剂酯化合成了一系列邻苯二甲酸酯。考察了脂肪醇的链长度、类型及支链醇含量等因素对合成酯性能的影响，进而得出其结构与性能的变化规律，并为高性能油品的合成提供理论依据。结果表明，随着脂肪醇链长的增加，合成酯的粘度和粘度指数逐渐增大，倾点和闪点也呈升高趋势；碳原子数目相同的支链醇酯较直链醇酯具有更高的粘度、倾点和闪点以及更低的粘度指数；在直链醇中引入支链醇，所得合成酯的粘度增大，粘度指数减小，倾点和闪点升高；且随着支链醇含量的增加，合成酯的粘度总体呈增大趋势，粘度指数逐渐减小，倾点和闪点呈锯齿型变化。

Abstract:

Phthalate was synthesized via the esterification by phthalic anhydride with aliphatic alcohols when sodium hydrogen sulfate was used as the catalyst. The effects of the length of aliphatic alcohols, types of aliphatic alcohols and content of branched-chain aliphatic alcohol on the properties of phthalate were studied systematically, which can offer the effective theoretical foundation for synthesis of high performance lubricants. Results showed that viscosity and viscosity index of phthalates increased, but their pour point and flash point reduced with an increaseof the length of aliphatic alcohols. For phthalate prepared from aliphatic monohydric alcohol with same carbon atom number, these branched-chain esters had higher viscosity, pour point, flash point, and lower viscosity index than these straight-chain esters. The synthetic esters formed by reacting phthalic anhydride with a mixture of linear and branched aliphatic monohydric alcohol showed properties: high viscosity, low viscosity index, good high-temperature behavior and worse low-temperature behavior. The increase of the branched-chain aliphatic alcohol led to higher viscosity, lower viscosity index. And the pour point and flash point showed serrated variation along with it.