季铵盐聚氧乙烯醚三硅氧烷表面活性剂的合成与界面性能

Synthesis and Interfacial Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polyoxyethylene Ether Trisiloxane Surfactant

摘要:

以烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、环氧氯丙烷和氢氧化钠溶液为原料，采用“两步法”来合成烯丙基聚氧乙烯缩水甘油醚(APGE)，然后在铂催化剂作用下，与1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)进行硅氢化加成反应制得聚氧乙烯基缩水甘油醚三硅氧烷(PGETS)，最后将其与三甲胺盐酸盐进行开环反应合成出季铵盐聚氧乙烯醚三硅氧烷表面活性剂(QASPETSS)。用IR和1HNMR对目标产物的结构进行了表征，并通过测定其水溶液的平衡表面张力研究了其表面活性。结果表明，在临界胶束浓度为6.3×10-4mol•L-1时，可以将水的表面张力降至22.4mN•m-1；饱和吸附量、饱和吸附层中每个QASPETSS分子所占的平均面积和形成胶束的标准自由能分别为3.6×10-6mol•m-2、0.46nm2和-28.2kJ•mol-1。

Abstract:

Allyl polyoxyethylene glycidol ether(APGE) was synthesized with allyl polyoxyethylene ether, epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide solution as raw material through two-step method. Polyoxyethylene glycidol ether trisiloxane (PGETS) was prepared by the hydrosilylation from 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane(MDHM) and APGE; and then further underwent a ring-opening reaction with trimethylamine hydrochlorate to form quaternary ammonium salt polyoxyethylene ether trisiloxane surfactant (QASPETSS). The chemical structure of QASPETSS was characterized by IR and 1HNMR. The interfacial properties of QASPETSS were studied by the measurement of equilibrium surface tension in its aqueous solution. Experimental results showed as follows: In the critical micelle concentration of 6.3×10-4mol•L-1, the surface tension of QASPETSS aqueous solution reduced to approximately 22.4 mN•m-1. The saturated adsorption, single QASPETSS average areas on the saturated absorption layer and the micellization standard free energies are 3.6×10-6mol•m-2, 0.46 nm2 and -28.2 kJ•mol-1, respectively.