低聚壳聚糖种子包衣剂的制备及应用研究

Studies on the Preparation and Application of Chitooligosaccharide as Seed Coating Formulation

摘要:

以天然高分子低聚壳聚糖为杀菌成分，聚乙烯醇和甘油为添加剂，制得一种可降解种衣剂。研究了低聚壳聚糖、甘油的质量分数，低聚壳聚糖脱乙酰基度等条件对所制种衣剂共混膜的抗拉强度、伸长率及膜透气率等参数的影响。结果表明，在一定范围内共混膜的抗拉强度和伸长率随低聚壳聚糖和甘油质量分数的增大而提高，膜透气率随低聚壳聚糖质量分数的增大而降低，但随甘油质量分数的增大而提高。种衣剂制备的最佳配比为：w(低聚壳聚糖)=2 %，w(聚乙烯醇)=4 %，w(甘油)=0.5 %，反应温度45℃，反应时间1 h。该种衣剂具有良好的抑菌、杀菌、促进种子发芽作用，与空白对照组相比，提高玉米种子发芽率21%；另外，该种衣剂可有效防病治虫、保苗壮苗，从而促进种苗健康生长，提高作物产量。使用本种衣剂处理棉花种子，与常规拌种相比，每亩产量可增加32kg。

Abstract:

In this paper, a biodegradable seed coating formulation was prepared, with the natural polymer chitooligosaccharide as the bactericidal component, polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol as additives. The effects of the chitooligosaccharide mass fraction, glycerol mass fraction, degree of deacetylation of chitooligosaccharide on seed coating blend membranes tensile strength, elongation, membrane permeability and other parameters were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation of the blend membranes improve with the increase of chitooligosaccharide and glycerol mass fraction. The membrane permeability decreased with the increase of chitooligosaccharide mass fraction, but increased with the glycerol mass fraction increases. The best ratio of seed coating preparation: chitooligosaccharide 2 %, polyvinyl alcohol 4 %, glycerol 0.5 %, reaction temperature 45℃and reaction time 1 h. This seed coating has good antibacterial, sterilization, promoting seeds germinated role. Compared with blank experiment, corn seed germination rate is improved 21%. In addition, the seed coating can effective prevention pest and protection seeds, promoting seedlings healthy growth, increase crop yield. Compared with conventional beforehand sowing, yield of an acre can increase 32kg of using this seed coating to process cotton seeds.