α-羟基十二酸钠的合成及性能

Synthesis and Properties of Sodium α-Hydroxyl Dodecanoate

摘要:

以α-氯代十二酸(CDA)为原料，并通过水热碱性水解反应合成了α-羟基十二酸钠(SHD)，用FT-IR及1H NMR鉴定了SHD的酸化产物α-羟基十二酸(HDA)的结构。探讨了水热碱性水解反应中反应温度、反应时间和NaOH浓度的影响，结果表明，当n(NaOH) : n(CDA) = 2.1 : 1、w(NaOH)=10 %时，在160 ℃水热反应6 h，SHD的产率达98.7 %。测定了SHD的克拉夫特点(KP)、抗硬水性、钙皂分散剂消耗量、泡沫力、表面张力和临界胶束浓度，并与十二酸钠(SD)进行比较。SHD的KP为35 ℃，比SD的低8 ℃，因而具有更好的冷水溶解性；SHD在硬水中的稳定性比SD有所提高，且钙皂分散剂消耗量仅为SD的一半，因而具有更好的硬水溶解性；因此SHD具有用作低温皂和抗硬水皂新原料的潜质。

Abstract:

Sodium α-hydroxyl dodecanoate (SHD) was simply synthesized directly from α-chlorine dodecanoic acid (CDA) through hydrothermal alkaline hydrolysis, and structure of α-hydroxyl dodecanoic acid (HDA), the acidified product of SHD, was identified by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The influence of reaction temperatures, reaction times and alkaline concentrations on the yield of SHD was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the yield of SHD was 98.7 % when alkaline hydrolysis was run under hydrothermal conditions in w(NaOH)=10 % aqueous NaOH solution and n(NaOH) : n(CDA) = 2.1 : 1 at 160 ℃ for 6 h. Some surfactant properties of SHD such as Kraft point (KP), hard ion resistance, requirement of lime soap dispersant, foaming ability, surface tension and cmc were determined and compared with sodium dodecanoate (SD). It was showed that the KP of SHD was 35 ℃ and 8 ℃ lower than that of parent SD, which means SHD had better cold water solubility. The hard ion resistance of SHD was somewhat higher than that of SD and the requirement of lime soap dispersant of SHD decreased to one half of the SD which showed that SHD displayed better solubility in hard water than that of SD. Therefore, SHD showed the potential to act as the new soap-base material applied in cold water or hard water.