硝酸镁辅助直接硝解法合成RDX

Synthesis of RDX by Direct Nitrolysis under the Assistance of Mg(NO3)2

摘要:

以发烟硝酸（95%）为硝化剂，六水硝酸镁为助剂，对乌洛托品直接硝解法合成高能炸药黑索今（RDX）进行了工艺改进探索。在原直接法工艺基础上，考察六水硝酸镁的加入量、成熟期反应温度、成熟期反应时间三个主要因素对RDX收率的影响。得到优化的工艺条件为：以发烟硝酸（95%）为硝化剂，六水硝酸镁与乌洛托品的摩尔比为1︰2，成熟期反应温度为30 oC，成熟期反应时间为60 min。该优化后工艺能提高RDX产率到80.6%，比原工艺提高8.6%。

Abstract:

With fuming nitric acid (95%) as the nitrating agent, six water magnesium nitrate as assistant, process improvement exploration was carried out for the synthesis of high energy explosive hexogen (RDX) by direct nitrolysis of urotropine. Based on the direct method, three main factors on the yield of RDX were investigated, such as the effects of the amount of Mg(NO3)2?6H2O, reaction temperature and reaction time in maturation period. The optimum synthesis conditions were obtained, which are: molar ratio of Mg(NO3)2 ?6H2O to HA: 1︰2; the temperature of maturation period: 30 oC; the reaction time in maturation period: 60min. The optimized process can improve the yield of RDX to 80.6%, 8.6% higher than the original process.