4种鸡汤中游离氨基酸的组成及呈味贡献对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Free Amino Acid Composition and Taste Contribution in Four Kinds of Chicken Soup

摘要:

将鸡肉煮汤，经离心、冷冻干燥后，利用氨基酸自动分析仪进行游离氨基酸的测定及呈味分析，研究了北京油鸡、三黄鸡、奔跑鸡、散养鸡的鸡汤中游离氨基酸的种类及对呈味的贡献，。4种鸡汤中均鉴定出17种游离氨基酸，其中必需氨基酸7种，含量最高的是组氨酸。总氨基酸含量最高的是散养鸡汤（46.47 mg/mL ），最低的是三黄鸡汤（16.86 mg/mL）。必需氨基酸总含量最高的是散养鸡汤（10.02 mg/mL），最少的是三黄鸡汤（3.88 mg/mL）。4种鸡汤中苦味氨基酸各为9种，鲜味2种，甜味5种，鲜味氨基酸质量分数最高的为三黄鸡汤（18.42%），甜味氨基酸质量分数最高的为奔跑鸡汤（30.41%）。根据氨基酸滋味活性值（TAV）得出，北京油鸡汤中对滋味有贡献的氨基酸为11种，三黄鸡汤6种，奔跑鸡汤10种，散养鸡汤11种。通过电子舌主成分分析（PCA）和判别指数，表明差异最小的是奔跑鸡汤和三黄鸡汤，最大的是散养鸡汤和北京油鸡汤。

Abstract:

In order to analyze the composition and the TAV of free amino acids in Beijing Fatty chicken soup, Sanhuang chicken soup, Benpao chicken soup and Sanyang chicken soup, the chicken soup was cooked, centrifugaled and freezing dried, the free amino acid in chicken soup was detected by automatic analyzer. 17 kinds of free amino acid were isolated in four kinds of chicken soup, of which there were seven kinds of essential amino acids, and the content of histidin is the highest one in four kinds of chicken soup. Sanyang chicken soup had the highest total content of free amino acid (46.47 mg/mL), and the lowest one was Sanhuang chicken soup (16.86 mg/mL).The total content of essential amino acid content was the highest in Sanyang chicken soup (10.02 mg/mL), and Sanhuang chicken soup had the least content of one (3.88 mg/mL). There were 9 kinds of bitter taste amino acids, 2 kinds of umami amino acids and 5 kinds of sweet amino acids in 4 kinds of chicken soup. The content of umami amino acid in Sanhuang chicken soup was higher than other groups (18.53%). The content of sweet amino acid in Benpao chicken soup was the highest (30.42%). According to the results of amino acid taste active values (TAV), Beijing Fatty chicken soup has 11 kinds of amino acids which had taste contribution to soup, Sanhuang chicken soup have 6 kinds, Benpao chicken soup have 10 kinds, Sanyang chicken soup have 11 kinds. PCA analysis and discrimination index results by electronic tongue showed that minimum differences is Benpao chicken soup and Sanhuang soup, the largest is the Sanyang chicken soup and Beijing Fatty chicken soup.