三维有序结构聚苯胺/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器电极中应用

Synthesis of three-dimensional ordered polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite and its application for supercapacitor electrode

摘要:

用硼氢化钠（NaBH4）还原氧化石墨烯得到还原石墨烯（rGO）分散液，然后rGO分散液与苯胺在酸性条件下原位聚合得到高比表面积三维有序结构的聚苯胺/石墨烯纳米复合材料。表面形貌和结构由场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等进行表征。结果表明： 复合材料的比表面积高达136.9 m2/g,高于纯聚苯胺的比表面积（32.71 m2/g）；10～20 nm直径的聚苯胺纳米棒均匀地垂直生长在石墨烯表面。在0.5 A/g的电流密度下，复合材料比电容达到 358 F/g,大于石墨烯和聚苯胺的比电容；当充放电电流密度由0.5 A/g增加到10 A/g时，电容保留率达74.3%，表现出增强的倍率性能；且在10 A/g高电流密度下，经过500次的充放电循环后容量保持率达到 83.7%。

Abstract:

The water dispersion of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared by reducing the graphene oxide (GO) with sodium borohydride, and three-dimensional ordered polyaniline-graphene nanocomposite with high-surface-area was successfully fabricated via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The surface morphology and structure were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results exhibited that the surface area of the nanocomposite was as high as 131 m2/g which was higher than that of pure PANI (32.71 m2/g), and polyaniline (PANI) nanorods with diameter of 10~20 nm were uniformly aligned on surfaces of rGO nanosheet. The composite had a high specific capacitance of 358 F/g at a charge-discharge current density of 0.5 A/g, which was higher than that of rGO and pure PANI. The capacitance retention ratio of the composite reached 74.3% when the current density increased from 0.5 to 10 A/g, indicating enhanced rate performance. Furthermore, the composite showed 83.7% capacitance retention after 500 cycles charge-discharge at high current density of 10 A/g.