系列m-3(OH)-m型表面活性的制备及其性能研究

Preparation and Properties of a series of m-3(OH)-m Type Surfactant

摘要:

采用二甲基长链烷基叔胺、环氧氯丙烷为主要原料，在盐酸水溶液条件下，一锅法合成系列1,3-二（烷基二甲基氯化铵）异丙醇双子季铵盐，m-3(OH)-m（m=C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18）；以熔点检测m-3(OH)-m型双子季铵盐纯度；以C12-3(OH)- C12为例，采用FT-IR、1HNMR对进行结构表征；分别测定不同浓度下各化合物表面张力，0.1%水溶液下的起泡能力，乳化能力。结果表明：随着m的变化，各化合物表面活性、起泡能力及乳化能力均呈现规律性变化；按照m=C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18的顺序，化合物CMC分别为0.09、0.075、0.03、0.024、0.026、0.14 mML-1，γcmc分别为54.01、32.56、25.74、29.41、30.51、30.28 mNm-1；起泡能力和起泡稳定性分别在m= C10及m= C12表现出较好效果；乳化能力在m= C14时，效果较好。

Abstract:

Under conditions of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution，long-chain alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine, epichlorohydrin as the main raw material，synthesised a series of 1,3-bis (alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) isopropanol Gemini quaternary ammonium salt , m-3(OH)-m ,(m= C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18)with one-pot method. Melting point as a method for the study to detect the purity of Gemini quaternary ammonium salt m-3(OH)-m. In C12-3（OH）- C12 case, FT-IR and 1HNMR are adopted to structural characterization. Surface tension was measured at various concentrations,foaming ability and emulsifying ability were measured in 0.1% aqueous solution. The results shows：With the change of m, surfactant, foaming power and emulsifying capacity shows a regular change for each compound. The CMC and γcmc of each compound respectively were 0.09、0.075、0.03、0.024、0.026、0.14 mML-1 and 54.01、32.56、25.74、29.41、30.51、30.28 mNm-1 in the order of m=C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18. Foaming capacity and foaming stability showed better results at m=C10 and m=C12. Emulsifying capacity revled the better result at m= C14.