聚酰胺-胺型树枝状水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide-amine Dendritic Waterborne Polyurethane

摘要:

摘要：为了提高水性聚氨酯耐水性等性能，以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、1，4-丁二醇（BDO）等为原料，二月桂酸二丁基锡（DBTDL）为催化剂，通过预聚体法合成了单端封闭的聚氨酯预聚体（PPU），然后以一代端羟基树枝状聚合物（PAMAM-OH）为核，通过接枝共聚法制备得到树枝状水性聚氨酯（HWPU）。通过单因素分析法优化出PPU的最佳合成条件，即反应时间为2 h，反应温度为80 ℃，n（—NCO）:n（—OH）为6:1。采用红外光谱（FIIR）、X射线衍射(XRD)、纳米粒度表面电位分析仪对产物的性能进行了检测，并对胶膜的耐水性、表面粗糙度和力学性能进行了测试。结果表明，反应按预期设计的路线进行，制备得到的HWPU乳液粒径为43.56 nm，胶膜结晶度为1.59 %，胶膜24 h 的吸水率为4.8 %，拉伸强度为39.2 MPa，断裂伸长率为376.4%，胶膜表面粗糙度降低。与未加PAMAM-OH的水性聚氨酯（WPU）相比，HWPU的吸水率降低了67.1%，耐水性和拉伸强度得到明显提高。

Abstract:

Abstract: In order to improve the water resistance and other properties of the waterborne polyurethane, polyurethane prepolymer(PPU) was synthesized in which isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) butyric acid (DMPA) and 1,4-butanediol(BDO) were as raw materials, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) was used as catalyst. And then the hydroxyl terminated dendrimer (PAMAM-OH) was as core to synthesize dendritic waterborne polyurethane（HWPU）by graft copolymerization. The optimum synthesis conditions of PPU were optimized through single-factor experiment. The reaction time was 2h, the reaction temperature was 80℃ and n (—NCO): n (—OH) was 6:1. The performance of HWPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nano particle surface potential analyzer ,as well as the water resistance, the surface roughness and the mechanical properties of films were tested. The results show that the reaction is carried out as the expected route, the particle size is 43.56 nm, the crystallinity of the film is 1.59%, the water absorption of the film is 4.8% after 24 h, the tensile strength is 39.2 MPa and the elongation at break is 376.4% as well as the surface roughness of the film is reduced. Compared with the waterborne polyurethane in which there is no PAMAM-OH, the water absorption of HWPU decreases by 67.15. Its water resistance and tensile strength both are improved.