磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

Synthesis and Performance of Sulfonic Gemini Surfactant

摘要:

以十二胺、1,6-二溴己烷和1,3-丙磺酸内酯等为原料，分别采用极性头基加入法和联结基加入法，合成了一种磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂1,6-双(N-十二烷基-N-丙基磺酸钠)-己烷（简称12-6-12(SO3)2 ），对其中间体和产物结构进行表征，并对其表面活性进行测定。1H NMR和ESI-MS的结构分析证实了它们的结构。性能测试表明：该表面活性剂水溶液在30oC条件下，临界胶束浓度（CMC）为0.015 mmol/L ，表面张力为33.50mN/m，表面过剩吸附量（Γmax）为2.78× 10－6 mol∙m-2，分子最小截面积（Amin）为0.58 nm2。该磺酸盐双子表面活性剂是结构相似的传统单链表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）CMC（25oC，8.0 mmol/L）的0.002倍，是结构相似的磺酸盐双子表面活性剂1,3-双(N-十二烷基-N-丙基磺酸钠)-丙烷（12-3-12(SO3)2）CMC（25oC，0.048 mmol/L）的0.31倍。

Abstract:

Sulfonic gemini surfactant 1,6 -bis (N-dodecyl-N-propane sulfonate sodium)-hexane (12-6-12(SO3)2) was prepared with dodecylamine, 1,6-dibromohexane and 1,3-dibromopropane as starting materials by the polar head group joining method and the spacer joining method．The structure of the intermediates and final product was characterized, and the surface activity of the final product was measured．The structures of intermediates and target products were confirmed with 1H NMR and ESI-MS. The performance results showed that the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of 12-6-12(SO3)2 at 30oC is 0.015 mmol/L and its surface tension is 33.50 mN/m. The CMC of 12-6-12(SO3)2 is only 0.002 times of the similar sulfonic salt surfactant of SDS （25oC, 8.0 mmol/L）, and it is of about 0.31 times of the similar sulfonic gemini surfactant 1,3 -bis (N-dodecyl-N-propane sulfonate sodium)-propane (12-3-12(SO3)2)（25oC, 0.048 mmol/L）．