页岩储层压裂用减阻剂的研究及应用进展

Progress in Research and Application of Drag Reducing Agent for Shale Reservoir Fracturing

摘要:

以减阻剂为主剂的滑溜水压裂液具有对地层伤害小和成本低的优点，但存在减阻剂减阻效率不佳，难以满足该体系在现场施工过程中大排量大液量要求的问题。本文介绍了聚合物型、表面活性剂型、生物基多糖型以及纳米复合型减阻剂的研究进展；简述了减阻剂产品的现场应用情况，分析了减阻剂的分子量、分子量分布、分子结构以及离子特征对减阻性能的影响；探讨了其减阻机理及规律；阐述了减阻剂产品的优缺点及循环再利用的必要性。指出了压裂用减阻剂未来的发展方向和趋势，认为稳定性好，减阻效率高，抗盐抗污染能力强，能够满足现场施工要求的纳米复合减阻剂将是未来研究的重点。同时，提出提高返排率，增加循环利用率，保持储层裂缝有较好的导流能力也将成为减阻剂的热门研究领域。

Abstract:

The slick water fracturing fluid with drag reducing agent as the main component has the advantages of small formation damage and low treatment cost. However, lower drag reducing efficiency of the making it difficult to meet the requirements of large displacement and large liquid in the process of field application. In this paper, we introduce recent research progresse of different friction reducers including polymer friction reducers, polysaccharides friction reducers, the surfactant friction reducers and nano composite friction reducers. The field application of drag reducing agent is presented; The effect of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, molecular structure and the characteristics of ions of drag reduction agent on its performance is carefully analyzed; The mechanism of friction reducers is discussed; What’s more, the advantages and disadvantages of drag reduction agent products as well as the necessity of recycling are described. Finally the future development direction and trend of drag reduction agent is pointed out, and it is believed that the nanocomposite drag reducing agent with good stability, high drag reduction efficiency and strong anti-salt and anti-pollution ability will be the hotpot of future research. At the same time, we proposed that the increase of the recycling rate and better fracture conductivity as a consequence of improving backflow rate will also become a popular research field of drag reduction agent.