脂肪酸三乙醇胺单酯琥珀酸磺酸盐的制备及表面活性

Preparation and Surface Activities of Fatty Acid Triethanolamine Monoester Sulfosuccinate

摘要:

以三乙醇胺、长链脂肪酸为原料，先经酯化、柱色谱提纯得到脂肪酸三乙醇胺单酯(FTME)，再经磺化反应合成了4种脂肪酸三乙醇胺单酯琥珀酸酯磺酸盐(FTMS)两性表面活性剂，以月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸为脂肪酸合成的FTMS分别命名为FTMS-1、FTMS-2、FTMS-3、FTMS-4，通过FTIR与1HNMR表征了其结构，分别用碱性亚甲基蓝法和酸性溴酚蓝法验证了产物的离子性，并考察了FTMS结构中的烷基链长度及其不饱和度对表面张力、Krafft点、样品液粒径及粒径分布、乳化能力的影响。实验结果表明：产物显示出两性离子的特征；在系列FTMS中，随着脂肪链碳数增加，其Krafft点升高，平均粒径逐渐增大，但脂肪链中的不饱和双键有助于Krafft点的降低和粒径的减小。FTMS-1和FTMS-4具有优异的表面活性，其中FTMS-1的临界胶束质量浓度(CMC)为52.97mg/L，表面张力γCMC为36.1mN/m，其乳化能力（分离时间为148.8s）与AEO-9（分离时间为139.0s）相当且优于十二烷基磺酸钠(分离时间为113.8s)。

Abstract:

Fatty Acid Triethanolamine Ester(FTE) were synthesized by esterification of Fatty acid and triethanolamine. Fatty Acid Triethanolamine Mono-ester(FTME) were obtained by purification of column chromatography. FTMS were synthesized by esterification with of FTME and maleic anhydride and sulfonation with sodium sulfite. 4 types of FTME named as FTMS-1, FTMS-2, FTMS-3, FTMS-4, which are obtained basing on lauric acid, palmic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid respectively. The structures of 4 types of FTMS have been identified by FTIR, 1HNMR and amphoteric testing. The effect of chain length and unsaturation were explored on surface tension, Krafft point, particle size and emulsifying capacity. The results show that the products are amphoteric; Krafft point and Z-average increases with the increase of the chain length of alkyl, however, the unsaturation of alkyl is conducive to decrease Krafft point and Z-average; FTMS-1 and FTMS-4 have good surfactivity. Especially, the emulsifying capacity of FTMS-1(CMC=52.97mg/L, γCMC=36.1mN/m)(Separation time:148.8s) is similar to AEO-9(Separation time:139.0s), moreover, better than sodium dodecyl sulfate(Separation time:113.8s).