含酰胺键的单子表面活性剂性能研究

Properties of Monomer Surfactants Containing Amide Bond

摘要:

本文以苯胺、对甲氧基苯胺、氯乙酰氯为原料，通过酰胺化反应在中间体分子结构中引入酰胺键，中间体再分别与N,N-二甲基癸胺、N,N-二甲基十二胺、N,N-二甲基十四胺通过季铵化反应，合成两个系列表面活性剂，即系列Ⅰ和系列Ⅱ，利用1H-NMR和IR对结构进行表征。在25℃条件下，测定系列Ⅰ和系列Ⅱ表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度、起泡性、稳泡性和乳化能力。系列Ⅰ和系列Ⅱ表面活性剂中，Ⅱ14的CMC值最小为0.50 mmol/L，Ⅰ14和Ⅱ14稳泡性最好为100%，Ⅰ12的乳化时间最长为1602 s。相同条件下，传统表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（BAC-12）的CMC值为9.51 mmol/L，稳泡性为44%，乳化时间为366 s。结果表明，系列Ⅰ和系列Ⅱ表面活性剂具有良好的表面活性、起泡性、稳泡性和乳化性。

Abstract:

Aniline, p-methoxy aniline, chloroacetyl chloride as materials, the amide was introduced into intermediates molecular structure by amidation. Two series of surfactants(Ⅰ, Ⅱ) were synthesized by intermediates with N, N-dimethyldecylamine, N, N-dimethyldodecylamine, N, N-dimethyltetradecylamine by quaternization respectively. The structures were characterized by 1H-NMR and IR spectra. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC), foaming, foam stability and emulsification ability of Ⅰ and Ⅱ were determined at 25℃. CMC minimum value of Ⅱ14 was 0.50 mmol/L, the best foam stability of Ⅰ14 and Ⅱ14 was 100%, the longest emulsification time of Ⅰ12 was 1602 s. Under the same conditions, for BAC-12, the CMC was 9.51 mmol/L, foam stability was 44%, the emulsification time was 366 s. The results of the tests illustrate that Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed better surface activity and better foaming, foam stability, emulsifying properties.