芳纶纳米纤维增强聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备与性能

Preparation and Performance Research of Aramid Nano-fibers Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film

摘要:

以 Kevlar@49为原料，在温和条件下制备了芳纶纳米纤维分散体，并利用这种分散体制备了芳纶质量分数为1.0 %~20.0 %的芳纶纳米纤维/聚乙烯醇（ANFs/PVA）复合膜。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、电子万能试验机以及光学透过率/雾度测定仪等表征手段研究了复合膜的微观结构、热学、光学及力学性能。FTIR谱图证明了复合膜中ANFs与PVA具有一定的分子间氢键作用，促进了ANFs在PVA基体中的分散。由AFM和SEM可以清晰观察到直径为20~30 nm的芳纶纳米纤维分散体，并且通过SEM观察到表面较为平整的复合膜。根据力学测试、透光性能和DSC性能表征，当芳纶纳米纤维质量分数在6.0%左右时，抗拉强度为17.86MPa，断裂伸长率为442％；透明度为82.63％，雾度为27.56％；玻璃化温度，熔融温度和结晶温度分别为75.2℃，208.82℃和174.51℃，透光性良好，力学和热学性能达到最佳。

Abstract:

In this work, aramid nanofibers were prepared under mild conditions and aramid nanofibers reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) (ANFs/PVA) composite films in different ratios were fabricated. The microstructure, thermal, optical and mechanical behaviors of composite films were characterized by fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electronic universal testing machine and optical transmittance/fog tester. The FTIR tests revealed hydrogen bonding interactions were presented between aramid nanofibers and PVA in the composite films, which will enhance the dispersion of aramid nanofibers in PVA matrix. Aramid nanofibers with diameters of 20-30 nm can be clearly observed by AFM and SEM, and their composite films with relatively flat surface were observed from SEM. According to the mechanical test and DSC characterization, when the mass fraction of aramid nanofibers was about 6.0%, both the mechanical and thermal performance of the composite films achieved the best.dispersion of aramid nanofibers in PVA matrix. Aramid nanofibers with diameters of 20-30 nm can be clearly observed by AFM and SEM, and their composite films with relatively flat surface were observed from SEM. According to the mechanical test and DSC characterization, when the mass fraction of aramid nanofibers was about 6.0 wt%, both the mechanical and thermal performance of the composite films achieved the best.