红麻芯基多孔吸油材料的制备及性能

Preparation and Properties of Porous Oil Absorption Materials Based on Kenaf Core

摘要:

采用农业固体废弃物红麻芯（KC）为基材，将其预处理后通过高速剪切分散形成水分散体系，经冷冻干燥、甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS）疏水化改性制备具有多孔结构的吸油材料。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积孔隙测定仪（BET）等技术对材料的形貌、化学结构及热稳定性、孔隙结构等进行表征，并考察了红麻芯粒径、碱浓度和悬浮液固含量对多孔材料吸油性能的影响。实验结果表明，当红麻芯粒径为20~40目、ρNaOH=40 g/L，分散体系 ρKC=10 g/L，所得材料的吸油性能最佳，对二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、四氯化碳、柴油、原油等有机溶剂和油品的吸附倍率达20～45 g/g，在30 s内迅速达到吸附饱和。吸油材料具有超疏水特性，且材料密度仅为0.019 g/cm3，可漂浮于水体表面实现对水体表面油品及有机溶剂的快速吸附。

Abstract:

Oil adsorption materials with hierarchical pores were successfully synthesized using agriculture solid wastes kenaf core (KC) as precursors. Typically, the base materials were firstly pretreated by high shear dispersion and then freeze-dried and subsequently modified by MTMS. The as-prepared samples were further characterized by a series of techniques including SEM, FTIR, XRD and BET etc. to determine the morphology structure, physicochemical properties and thermal stability. The obtained materials possessed promising super-hydrophilic feature with a density of 0.019g/cm3 which enabled it float on the water surface and was favorable for the rapid adsorption of oil and organic solvent. Additionally, the influence of kenaf core sizes, basicity and solid concentration in suspension were deeply investigated. Herein, the experimental results indicated that the optimal adsorption conditions for oil were as following: particle sizes of kenaf core (20-40mesh), 40g/L NaOH and 10g/L KC. Interestingly, the materials could adsorb as many as 20-45 times of its own mass for DMSO, CCl4, diesel and crude oil etc within 30s. This might shed light on the development of novel adsorbent.