全叶青兰花的挥发油成分分析及其除草活性检测

Chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of the essential oil of Dracoceph-alum integrifolium Bunge (Labiatae) flowers

摘要:

本文对水蒸气蒸馏法提取的全叶青兰花挥发油化学成分及其植物毒活性进行了首次报道。运用水蒸气蒸馏法对全叶青兰（Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge）盛花期的花进行了挥发性成分提取，以气相色谱-质谱联用法对全叶青兰花的挥发油成分进行了组成成分分析并对其植物毒活性进行了检测。共33种挥发油成分被鉴定，主要为单萜、含氧单萜、倍半萜和含氧倍半萜成分。全叶青兰花的挥发油主要成分为桉叶油醇（Eucalyptol，15.55%），红没药醇（α-bisabolol，10.29%），顺式-(+)-橙花叔醇（nerolidol, cis-(+)-，8.81%），β-蒎烯（β-pinene，8.25%），罗勒烯（(E)-β-ocimene，7.44%）和 α-侧柏烯（α-thujene，5.45%）。全叶青兰花挥发油在2μl/ml时即完全抑制反枝苋和早熟禾种子萌发，同时对稗的幼苗生长也表现出一定的抑制作用，其总体趋势为低促高抑。

Abstract:

The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the flower part of Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge was analyzed by GC/MS, and the activity of phytotoxicity was tested. Thirty three compounds were identified, representing 95.97% of total oil, which was found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (29.21%)，oxygenated monoterpenes (17.27%)，sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (23.84%) and oxygenated sesquiterpene (25.65%). The main constituents of the oil were eucalyptol (15.55%), α-bisabolol (10.29%), nerolidol, cis-(+) - (8.81%), β-Pinene (8.25%), (E)-β-ocimene (7.44%) and α-thujene (5.45%). The essential oil completely inhibited seed germina-tion of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa annua at 2 μl/ml, meanwhile it exhibited weak activity on Echinochloa crusgalli. In general, the oil possessed promotive activity at low concentration and in-hibitory activity at high concentration. This is the first report on the chemical constituents as well as the phytotoxic activity of the essential oil of D. integrifolium flowers.