国内外强化采油用表面活性剂研究进展

Research progress of surfactants for enhanced oil recovery at home and abroad

摘要:

中国石油对外依存度持续上升，而采收率持续下降。中国剩余石油储量中大部分为高温高盐、低渗透、稠油油藏等难以开采的苛刻油藏。化学驱强化采油技术目前所使用的石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐等常规表面活性剂由于活性低、耐盐性差而导致低效甚至无效。该文综述了新型表面活性剂，如阴-非离子表面活性剂、双子及寡聚表面活性剂、甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、烷基糖苷表面活性剂、黏弹性表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂、阴阳离子混合表面活性剂等的研究进展。讨论了国内外强化采油用表面活性剂评价方法的差异。最后，对采油用表面活性剂的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

China's external dependence on crude oil continues to rise, while the recovery rate continues to decline. Most of the remaining reservoirs found recently are harsh reservoirs with high temperature, high salinity and low permeability as well as high viscosity. Conventional surfactants such as petroleum sulfonate and alkylbenzene sulfonate can't meet the requirements for chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their low activity and poor salt tolerance. The recent progress of novel surfactants, such as anionic-nonionic surfactants, dimeric (Gemini) and oligomeric surfactants, betaine type amphoteric surfactants, polymeric surfactants, Alkyl glycoside surfactants, viscoelastic surfactants, biosurfactants, mixtures of anionic/cationic surfactants are introduced. Furthermore, the differences of evaluation methods of surfactants for EOR between China and western countries are discussed. Finally, the development direction of surfactants for EOR is prospected.