智能响应型纳米药物载体的研究进展

A Progress in Smart Nanocarrier System for Drug Delivery

摘要:

恶性肿瘤是世界范围内致死率最高的疾病之一，在临床上，其治疗方法主要包括化疗、放疗以及手术治疗。大多数肿瘤手术治疗之后也需要辅助放化疗。为了实现化疗药物的靶向递送以及定点快速释放，刺激敏感的智能响应型纳米药物载体在抗肿瘤药物递送系统得到了广泛关注。智能型纳米药物载体主要包括肿瘤微环境敏感的纳米药物载体以及外部刺激敏感的纳米药物载体。智能响应型纳米药物载体可以在体内稳定转运，到达病变部位后通过感应病变部位环境信息或接收外部刺激，使药物在必要的时间和特定的部位进行释放，从而提高病变部位的药物浓度，增加化疗药物的抗肿瘤效率并减少对正常组织的毒副作用。本文介绍了智能响应型纳米药物载体、靶向智能响应型纳米药物载体以及多功能智能响应型纳米药物载体，综述了近年来在这一领域的新研究和新进展，并提出了其中存在的问题以及展望了未来可能的研究方向。

Abstract:

Malignant tumor is one of the disease with the highest mortality rate worldwide. In clinic, the common treatment methods include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, and majority of patient after surgical treatment also need adjuvant chemotherapy. In order to achieve targeted delivery and quickly release of the drug at the tumor site, stimuli-responsive smart nanocarrier system has received extensive attention. The smart nanocarrier system mainly include tumor?microenvironment stimuli-responsive?smart?nanocarrier system and external physical stimuli-responsive?smart?nanocarrier system. Smart nanocarrier system can transport antitumor drug in circulation stably. After arriving the tumor site, the drug can quickly release from the smart nanocarrier system after triggered by the tumor microenvironment or external physical stimuli, which could improve the drug concentration of the lesion,significantly?increase?the?antitumor?efficiency?and?reduce?the?side?effects?of?drugs.This?review?mainly?gives?a?comprehensive?overview?in?the?latest?research?and?new?development?of smart nanocarrier system, targeted smart nanocarrier system and multifunctional smart nanocarrier system. Moreover, the existingproblems are pointed out along with their possible future applications in this review.