金属基消毒材料对芥子气降解研究进展

Advance in degradation of mustard gas by new metal-based disinfection materials

摘要:

芥子气被称为“毒剂之王”，是一类典型的糜烂性化学战剂。催化降解法具有效率高、安全性好等特点，在降解芥子气的同时可防止芥子气降解为其他的剧毒产物，如有毒的砜产物等。催化降解使用的材料主要有次氯酸盐、过氧化氢、酶、金属基催化剂等。其中，金属基催化剂具有温和、高效、高选择的特性，主要通过氧化反应、水解反应、脱卤消去反应催化降解芥子气。该文归纳了金属氧化物、多金属氧酸盐（POMs）、金属有机框架材料（MOFs）等金属基催化剂降解芥子气的催化性能及其降解芥子气的原理；总结了降解芥子气的金属基催化剂材料的制备方法；最后，对金属氧化物、POMs和MOFs材料进行展望，以期对后续的研究提供新的思路。

Abstract:

Mustard gas is known as the "king of chemical warfare agents" and is a typical class of erosive chemical warfare agents. Catalytic degradation has the characteristics of high efficiency and good safety. It can not only degrade mustard gas but also prevent to degrade into other highly toxic products, such as toxic sulfone products. The materials used for catalytic degradation mainly include hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, enzymes, and metal-based catalysts. Among them, the metal-based catalyst has mildness, high efficiency and high selectivity, and the mustard gas is degraded into non-toxic products mainly through oxidation reaction, hydrolysis reaction and dehalogenation elimination reaction. This paper summarizes of the metal-based catalysts such as metal oxides, polyoxometalates (POMs), metal organic framework materials (MOFs) for the degradation of mustard gas and the principle of degrading mustard gas. The production method of metal-based catalyst material for degrading mustard gas was summarized. Finally, The research directions in metal oxides, POMs and MOFs are prospected so as to provide new ideas for subsequent research.