固态离子学法制备金属纳米材料的研究进展

Research progress in preparation of metal nanomaterials by solid- state ionics method

摘要:

金属纳米材料具有优于相应块体材料的优良特性，由于合成方法所限，很难实现宏观面积金属纳米结构的定向生长。固态离子学法能够有效控制纳米结构的形貌、长度、排列有序度和粗糙度，制备宏观尺寸的纳米结构。本文详细综述了固态离子学法的制备机理；分别综述了单一金属纳米结构的制备过程及电场强度、电流大小和快离子导体薄膜的种类对材料纳米结构的形貌和排列有序度的影响，并介绍了不同合金纳米结构和复合纳米结构的制备工艺，通过对比单一金属纳米结构、合金及复合纳米结构分别作为表面增强拉曼散射基底时的极限浓度，总结了影响检测灵敏度的因素；最后总结了该领域面临的问题，并对该方法未来的研究趋势做出展望。

Abstract:

Metal nanomaterials have unique properties than their bulk materials. The directional growth of macro scopically area metal nanostructures cannot be prepared because of the limitation of traditional synthesis methods. Solid - state ionics method can prepare ideal nanostructures by effectively controlling the morphology of surface, length, degree of order and surface roughness of nanostructures. In this paper, the preparation mechanism of solid- state ionics method was reviewed at first. The preparation process of single metal and the effects of electric field strength, electric current and different fast ionic conductor films on the morphology and order of nanostructures were introduced in the second. Then, we summarized the preparation techniques of different alloy nanostructures and composite nanostructures. By comparing the limiting concentrations of different nanostructures as surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) substrate, various factors affecting the detection sensitivity were summarized. Finally, the problems and potential applications of followed by summary and outlook for the research in the field.