笼型倍半硅氧烷（POSS）的功能化改性 及应用研究进展

Research progress on functional modification and application of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)

摘要:

有机/无机杂化材料的改性及应用是目前材料科学中最富有活力的研究领域之一。其中笼型倍半硅氧烷（Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane，POSS）在分子水平上实现了有机组分与无机组分的结合，结构呈硅氧骨架连接的立体笼型，具有优异的反应活性、耐热阻燃性、多孔性和纳米尺寸效应等特性，通过化学改性可将其应用在多个领域。本文主要从官能团改性、聚合改性和配位改性三个方面阐述了POSS的改性方法，综述了POSS在耐热材料、阻燃材料、增强材料和多孔材料等领域的应用研究进展，并对POSS今后的研究方向提出了展望。可从POSS的构效关系、改性方法以及安全性等方面进行更加深入和系统的研究，以促进POSS材料更广泛的应用。

Abstract:

Organic/inorganic hybrid materials are the one of most dynamic research areas in materials science currently. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) achieves the combination of organic and inorganic components at the molecular level. The structure is a three-dimensional cage type supported by the Si-O-Si bond. It has excellent reactivity, thermostability, flame resistance, porosity and nano-size effects. It could be applied in many fields after being modified. In this paper, the modification methods of POSS were described from three aspects of graft modification, polymerization modification and coordination modification. Then the application research progress of POSS in heat-resistant materials, flame-retardant materials, reinforcement materials and porous materials was reviewed. Finally, the research direction of POSS was suggested. It should be conducted on the structure-effect relationship, modification method and safety of POSS deeply and systematically to promote the application of POSS materials.