蔗糖酯表面活性剂化学合成工艺研究进展

Research progress of chemical synthesis technology of sucrose ester surfactant

摘要:

蔗糖酯表面活性剂作为一种广受关注的生物基表面活性剂，大量应用于食品、医药和化妆品等领域。当前，蔗糖酯的合成主要采用直接酯化、酰氯酯化和酯交换法进行，其中酯交换法是最常用的方法，然而蔗糖与甲酯相容性差导致其存在蔗糖焦化结块、甲酯水解和皂化等副反应，严重影响反应效率和产品性能。基于此，该文对溶剂法、微乳化法和无溶剂法等蔗糖酯合成工艺进行了介绍，随后，着重介绍了相转移催化剂、固体碱催化剂、离子液体等新型催化技术和物理界面强化技术在蔗糖酯合成中的应用。同时，对高效固体碱催化剂设计和多过程耦合强化技术在蔗糖酯合成中的应用及其反应机制的研究进行了展望，以期为蔗糖酯的合成技术的发展提供技术指导。

Abstract:

As a bio-based surfactant, sucrose ester has been widely used in food, medicine and cosmetics fields. At present, the synthesis of sucrose esters is mainly conducted by esterification, acyl chloride esterification and transesterification. And, the transesterification method is the most widely used method. However, the poor compatibility between sucrose and methyl esters leads to many side reactions, such as sucrose coking and agglomeration, methyl ester hydrolysis and saponification, which significantly affected the reaction efficiency and the product quality. In this work, the synthesis method of sucrose esters such as solvent method, microemulsion method and solvent-free method was introduced. Subsequently, this work introduced application of new catalytic technologies, such as phase transfer catalysts, solid base catalysts and ionic liquids. Physical interface strengthening technologies in the synthesis of sucrose esters was summarized. In the synthesis of sucrose esters, the design of solid base catalyst and application of multi-process coupling and strengthening technology and mechanism was prospected. Therefore, it can provide a technical support for future synthesis of sucrose ester surfactants.