气相中氰化氢消除研究进展

Research progress of removal of hydrogen cyanide in gas phase

摘要:

氰化氢(HCN), 剧毒，易挥发、沸点低。含氰化工品的加工，电石与黄磷加工产生的尾气，化石燃料的燃烧，生物质的高温分解以及选择性还原法脱除NOx均会导致HCN生成。对于HCN的消除日益引发人们的重视。本文综述包括吸收法、燃烧法、吸附法和催化法在内的各脱氰方法的原理，优缺点，适用范围以及最新研究报道。吸附法和催化法由于反应温度低、对HCN净化效率高、工艺简便，具有良好的应用前景，是近来研究的热点。本文对吸附法和催化法在脱氰方面的研究进展进行了深入探讨，包括吸附剂和催化剂材料的制备与应用，HCN的吸附动力学行为以及HCN的催化消除机理，旨在为高效脱氰材料的研制提供理论依据。通过综述各脱氰方法的研究进展，为实现HCN的高效消除提供新的思路和建议。

Abstract:

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a kind of highly toxic and volatile compound, with boiling point of 25.7℃. The formation of HCN comes from processing of cyanide-containing chemicals, processing tail gas of calcium carbide and yellow phosphorus, fossil fuels and biomass combustion as well as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides mostly. The removal of HCN has been paid more and more attention. Here, we summarize the theory, advantage and disadvantage, and suitable range of the HCN removal methods of absorption method, combustion method, adsorption method (AM) and catalytic method (CM). AM and CM are recent research highlights for their low reaction temperature, high removal efficiency and simple purification process for HCN. The development of researches on HCN removal about AM and CM which includes the preparation and application of adsorbents and catalyst materials, the adsorption kinetics of HCN on adsorbents and the catalytic removal mechanism of HCN over catalysts is discussed deeply, to supply theoretic basis for the research and synthesis of effective HCN removal materials. That it will supply new mind and advice for realizing effective HCN removal through reviews of the research development of various kinds of HCN removal methods.