两性离子双子表面活性剂的合成与性能

Synthesis and properties of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants

摘要:

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇和氯磺酸为原料合成了一种联接基团上接有硫酸酯基的两性离子双子表面活性剂（GS-S）。产物结构经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱进行确证，并对其表面张力、润湿性、油水界面张力、耐盐性、泡沫性和乳化性等性质进行了测试。结果表明，与结构相似的阳离子双子表面活性剂(GS-O)相比，合成的两性离子双子表面活性剂（GS-S）具有较高的表面活性，良好的乳化能力和泡沫性能，临界胶束浓度（CMC）仅为2.3×10-4 mol/L，临界表面张力（γCMC）为28.43 mN/m；可将油水界面张力降至低界面张力（1.11×10-2 mN/m）；可改变水在石蜡膜上的润湿状态，接触角从110°（去离子水在石蜡膜上的接触角）降至64°；另外，其还具有良好的耐盐性（＜35 g/L）。

Abstract:

A zwitterionic Gemini surfactant (GS-S) with sulfate group on the spacer group was prepared from dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and chlorosulfonic acid. The structure of the product was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy. And the surface tension, wettability, oil-water interfacial tension, salt tolerance, foamability and emulsification were tested. The results showed that compared with cationic Gemini surfactant (GS-O) with similar structure, GS-S had higher surface activity, good emulsifying ability and foaming performance. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of GS-S was only 2.3×10-4 mol/L, and the critical surface tension (γCMC) value was 28.43 mN/m. GS-S could reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to low interfacial tension (1.11×10-2 mN/m). Moreover, GS-S could change the wetting state of water on the paraffin film, the contact angle was reduced from 110° (contact angle of deionized water on paraffin film) to 65°. It exhibited excellent salt resistance (＜35 g/L).