油溶性聚合物在稠油降黏中的研究进展

Research progress of oil-soluble polymers for heavy oil viscosity reduction

摘要:

稠油黏度高、密度大，给开采运输带来了巨大的挑战。常用掺稀、加热、乳化等方式对稠油降黏，但各种技术均存在不足和限制。最近几年，油溶性降黏剂因其降黏效率稳定、成本较低及操作简便等优点备受关注，展现出了良好的发展前景。油溶性降黏剂大多是由降凝剂发展而来，主要包含长链烷基、芳香环和极性部分三种基团。综述了油溶性稠油降黏剂的发展历程、基本现状、结构特点，通过分析油溶性降黏剂中三种关键基团在降黏过程中的不同作用和前人在三种基团方向上的尝试，阐述了降黏机理及三种关键基团对降黏效果的影响，指出了油溶性降黏剂的不足之处并对其发展趋势做出进一步展望。

Abstract:

The high viscosity and density of heavy oil bring great challenges to its exploitation and transportation. Several methods have been used to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil including dilution, heating, emulsification, but there are a variety of inevitable shortcomings for every methods. Oil soluble viscosity reducers have attracted much attention and shown a good development prospect in recent years for their stable viscosity reduction efficiency, low cost and simple operation. Oil soluble viscosity reducers are mostly developed from the pour point depressants and mainly contains three groups: long-chain alkyl, aromatic groups and polar components. In this paper, the application and molecular structures of oil soluble viscosity reducer for heavy oil are reviewed. The functions of the three key groups in viscosity reduction for heavy oil were analyzed and the previous attempts in the three groups were discussed, the mechanisms of viscosity reduction and the influence of three key groups on viscosity reduction were proposed. In the end, the shortcomings of oil soluble viscosity reducer are pointed out, and some research suggestions are proposed.