油田调驱用聚合微球的构效关系及应用进展

Application progress and structure activity relationship of polymer microspheres for profile control and flooding in oilfield

摘要:

聚合微球是一种基于聚丙烯酰胺的可吸水溶胀凝胶树脂，在油田调驱中取得了良好的降水增油效果。随着开采重点逐渐向低渗、中低渗高温油藏偏移，聚合微球的粒径尺寸、缓膨性能以及耐温抗盐抗剪切性能成为重要的研究课题。该文对近年来不同聚合微球的结构特点和构效关系进行综述，总结了不同聚合微球所适用的油藏条件，分析了聚合微球粒径和溶胀性能的影响因素，探讨了聚合微球的调驱机理，并对聚合微球的研究方向进行了展望。针对聚合微球关于纳米尺度的报道较少，高温下溶胀速度快，驱油机理单一等问题，需要加深对聚合微球溶胀机理和粘弹机理的研究，优化反相微乳液法合成条件，研发具有核壳结构的纳米聚合微球，并与其他化学试剂协同调驱，从而拓宽聚合微球在低渗、中低渗高温油藏的应用领域。

Abstract:

Polymer microsphere is a kind of water-absorbable and swellable gel resin based on polyacrylamide, which has achieved good precipitation and oil-increasing effects in oil field profile control and flooding. As the mining focus gradually shifts to low permeability, medium low permeability and high temperature reservoirs, the particle size, slow swelling performance, temperature resistance, salt resistance and shear resistance of polymer microsphere have become important research topics. In this paper, the structure characteristics and structure-activity relationship of different polymeric microspheres in recent years were reviewed. The reservoir conditions applicable to different polymer microspheres were summarized, and the factors affecting the particle size and swelling performance of polymer microspheres were analyzed. The profile control and flooding mechanism of polymer microspheres was discussed, and the research direction of polymer microspheres was prospected: In order to solve the problems of polymer microspheres, such as the few reports about nanometer scale, the fast expansion rate at high temperature and the single displacement mechanism, it is necessary to deepen the research on the swelling mechanism and viscoelastic mechanism of polymer microsphere, and optimize the synthesis conditions of inverse microemulsion method, develop nanometer polymer microsphere with core-shell structure, and cooperate with other chemicals, so as to broaden the application field of polymer microspheres in low permeability, medium low permeability and high temperature reservoirs.