壳聚糖及其衍生物去除金属离子的研究进展

Research progress in removal of metal ions by chitosan and its derivatives

摘要:

壳聚糖因其来源广、天然无毒、功能基团丰富、化学活性强等特点，广泛应用于农业、化工、医药、环保等领域。本文围绕壳聚糖分子链上活性基团对金属离子的螯合能力，综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在去除溶液中金属离子方面的研究工作及进展。介绍了对壳聚糖单体进行官能团置换、重组的化学改性法和改变壳聚糖物理形态的物理改性法，详细阐述了交联改性法、接枝改性法、磁化改性法、分子印迹法的基本原理、应用效果和优缺点，并对壳聚糖微球、壳聚糖膜的制备方法和材料性能进行了介绍。结合壳聚糖及其衍生物在制备方法和应用中存在的问题，将化学改性和物理改性相结合的新型印迹材料制备方法，并提出利用絮凝-螯合机理实现高效和选择性去除金属离子的研究方向。

Abstract:

Chitosan is widely used in agriculture, chemical industry, medicine, environmental protection and other fields because of its wide sources, natural non-toxic, rich functional groups and strong chemical activity. In this paper, the research work and progress of chitosan and its derivatives in the removal of metal ions in solution were reviewed, focusing on the chelating ability of active groups on chitosan molecular chain to metal ions. The chemical modification methods of functional group replacement and recombination of chitosan monomer and physical modification method of changing the physical morphology of chitosan were introduced. The basic principles, application effects, advantages and disadvantages of crosslinking modification, grafting modification, magnetization modification and molecular imprinting were elaborated in detail. The preparation methods and material properties of chitosan microspheres and chitosan membrane were also introduced. In view of the problems in the preparation and application of chitosan and its derivatives, the research direction of efficient and selective removal of metal ions by flocculation chelation mechanism was proposed.