特殊润湿性油水分离材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Oil Water Separation Materials with Special Wettability

摘要:

频繁发生的溢油事故，使得生态环境受到严重的危害，特殊润湿性材料因对油水两相的润湿性不同的特点，被广泛应用于油水分离领域，具有高效的分离效果。本文对特殊润湿性油水分离材料的制备方法进行了简单介绍，根据除油方式的不同将其分为过滤型、吸附型及可选择性分离的智能型材料，并详细介绍了过滤型材料的各种基材包括金属网、纺织物、聚合物膜等，吸附型材料的各种基材如沙子、海绵、泡沫、气凝胶等。最后对该领域的发展进行了展望，指出特殊润湿性油水分离材料必定向绿色、自修复、多功能响应方向发展。

Abstract:

Frequent oil spill accidents have seriously harmed the ecological environment. Special wettability materials are widely used in the field of oil-water separation because of their different wettability to oil-water two phases. In this paper, the preparation methods of special wetting oil-water separation materials are briefly introduced. According to the different ways of oil removal, they are divided into filter-type, adsorption-type and selective separation intelligent materials. And introduced in detail the various substrates of filter-type materials, including metal mesh, textiles, polymer membranes, etc., and various substrates of adsorption-type materials such as sand, sponge, foam, and aerogel. Finally, the development of this field is prospected. It is pointed out that special wetting oil-water separation materials must be directed towards green, self healing and multi-functional response.