天然多糖与纳米材料在皮革无铬鞣制中的研究进展

Research progress of natural polysaccharides and nanomaterials in leather chrome-free tanning

摘要:

鞣制是生皮转变为革的“点睛之笔”，铬鞣剂由于渗透性良好，鞣制后坯革综合性能优异等优点，一直在皮革鞣制中占据主导地位。近年来，越来越多的国家对含铬废弃物的排放限制升级，开发并推广无铬鞣技术势在必行。天然多糖类生物质材料尺寸可调、官能团丰富、渗透性好但鞣性不足；纳米材料含有大量金属离子，与皮胶原结合牢固而渗透性差，二者若可以结合使用，有望实现优势互补，取代铬鞣剂实现环境友好型无铬鞣制。在此背景下，本文综述了近年来皮革无铬鞣剂的最新研究进展，具体地，主要介绍了多糖类鞣剂（淀粉、纤维素等）以及纳米鞣剂（蒙脱土、水滑石等）的改性以及在皮革无铬鞣制中的应用新进展，最后就当前无铬鞣剂研究中存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了讨论及展望。

Abstract:

Tanning is a magical procedure for the transformation from raw hides to leather. Chrome tanning agents play a leading role in leather production due to excellent penetration and comprehensive performance. Whereas the restrictions on waste emission contain Cr increase around the world in recent years, it’s necessary to develop and promote chrome-free tanning agents. Nature polysaccharide biomass materials allow for adjustable molecular size, abundant functional groups and excellent penetration, but they show insufficient tanning. A large amount of metal ions in nanomaterials contribute to firm crosslinks with collagen fibers and poor permeability of nanomaterials. Therefore, if polysaccharide biomass materials can be integrated with nanomaterials, the composite could take advantages of these two resources to replace chrome tanning agents, thus achieving environmentally friendly chrome-free tanning in the future. In this review, latest progress about chrome free tanning agents is summarized, especially for the investigation and application of polysaccharide (like starch and cellulose) and nano(like montmorillonite and hydrotalcite) series tanning agents. Accordingly, the current issues and future trends of chrome-free leather tanning agents were discussed.