微生物燃料电池纳米纤维基阳极材料的研究进展

Research progress of nanofiber anode materials for microbial fuel cells

摘要:

微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cell，MFC）是一种非常有前途的环境友好型电化学装置，它可以利用电活性微生物从废水中提取能源，并降解废水中的有机物，是解决目前环境与能源危机的重要技术。然而，相对较低的产电效率限制了其大规模应用，主要体现在阳极缓慢的胞外电子传递速率（extracellular electron transfer，EET）和较少的产电微生物附着量。纳米纤维由于具有高的比表面积、良好的电化学性能和电导率，是改善阳极的重要材料。本文介绍了影响阳极材料性能的因素，系统总结了近年来国内外纳米纤维基阳极材料的种类与制备方法，针对纳米纤维基阳极材料在MFC领域的研究现状，重点解释了各种纳米纤维材料的优缺点。最后，对纳米纤维基电极材料以及MFC技术的发展方向进行了展望，以期为推动MFC的工程化应用提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising environment-friendly electrochemical device, which can extract energy from wastewater by using electricigens and degrade organic matter in wastewater. It is an important technology to solve the current environmental and energy crisis. However, the relatively low efficiency of electricity generation limits its large-scale application, which is mainly reflected in the slow extracellular electron transfer rate of the anode and the small amount of electricigens attachment. Nanofibers are important materials for improving anodes due to their high specific surface area, good electrochemical performance and electrical conductivity. In this paper, the factors affecting the performance of anode materials are introduced, and the types and preparation methods of nanofiber anode materials at home and abroad in recent years are systematically summarized. In view of the research status of nanofiber anode materials in the field of MFC, the advantages and disadvantages of various nanofiber materials are mainly explained. Finally, the development direction of nanofibers and MFC technology is prospected, in order to provide theoretical reference for promoting the engineering application of MFC.