水产品副产物胶原蛋白制备方法及应用

Preparation and application of collagen from the by-product of aquatic products

摘要:

胶原蛋白（Collagen）作为动物体内重要的大分子蛋白质，是参与动物组织和器官机械保护的重要细胞外蛋白。水产品副产物作为近年胶原蛋白行业关注的重点，传统蛋白提取方式在提取率、环保等方面缺点逐渐显现。本文综述了胶原分子构成机理、类型、胶原蛋白来源以及前处理方法对胶原蛋白提取工艺的影响；比较了原料、传统提取工艺（酸、碱、酶）对胶原蛋白产量与功能的影响；对水产品胶原蛋白在食品品质、食品保鲜、医药领域的应用现状以及新型胶原蛋白提取方法（亚临界水、超临界流体萃取）的工业可行性进行分析。对蛋白提取效率低、原料结构影响大的副产物提出“物理/生物-酸-复合酶”的水产胶原蛋白工艺优化方案，旨在为水产品资源高值化利用提供理论支撑。

Abstract:

Collagen is an essential macromolecular protein in animals and the extracellular protein involved in the mechanical protection of animal tissues and organs. As the focus of attention in the collagen industry in recent years, the shortcomings of traditional protein extraction methods in terms of extraction rate and environmental protection are gradually emerging. In this review, the effects of molecule composition, types, sources, and pretreatment methods on collagen extraction processes are summarized. The effects of raw materials, traditional extraction processes (acids, bases, enzymes) on collagen yield and function are compared. The current status of aquatic collagen applications in food quality, food preservation, pharmaceuticals and the industrial feasibility of new collagen extraction methods (subcritical water, supercritical fluid extraction) are analysed. The aim of this study is to provide theoretical support for the high value utilisation of aquatic resources by proposing a "physical/biological-acid-composite enzyme" process optimisation scheme for aquatic collagen, which has a low protein extraction efficiency and a high impact on the structure of raw materials.