水分解制氢中的电解液调控机制

Electrolyte Regulation in Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production

摘要:

氢气因能量密度高和燃烧产物无污染得到了广泛的关注，如何以清洁高效的方式制备氢能成为研究中的重点。光伏-电解、光催化、光电催化分解水可以利用储量丰富的太阳能和水产生氢气，是很有前景的氢气制备技术。其中，电化学反应是水分解工艺的关键环节，直接决定整个系统能量转换效率的高低。而以往研究多集中于催化材料的开发，往往忽略了电解液的性质对电解性能的影响。因此本文综述了电解质对电催化分解水的影响和意义，根据水分解的基本理论和反应机理，讨论了电化学步骤中电解质pH、离子成分对表面催化过程和物质传输的影响。通过调控电解质来影响固液界面反应，达到在各种水分解系统中提高能量转化效率和稳定性的目的，这有助于开发高效的电催化体系，并为大规模应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Hydrogen has received extensive attention due to its high energy density and non-polluting combustion products. Hydrogen production in a clean and efficient way has become the research focus. Photovoltaic-electrolysis, photocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting can utilize abundant solar energy and water to generate hydrogen, which are promising hydrogen production technologies. Electrochemical reaction is the key step in the water splitting process, which directly determines the energy conversion efficiency of the whole system. Most of the previous studies focused on the development of catalytic materials. The influence of the electrolyte characters on the electrolytic performance was always neglected. Therefore, the effects and significance of electrolytes on water splitting are discussed in this review. According to the basic principles of water splitting, the influence of the electrolyte pH value and ion composition on the surface catalytic reaction and mass transfer was discussed. The fine tuning of the electrolyte will affect the reactions at the solid-liquid interface, and potentially improve the energy conversion efficiency and stability in different water-splitting systems. It is expected that this work will help to build efficient water splitting systems and provides useful guidance for the large-scale applications.