疏水花生壳/聚氨酯复合泡沫的制备与油水分离性能

Preparation and oil-water separation properties of hydrophobic peanut shell/polyurethane composite foam

摘要:

为提高聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的疏水性能，首先采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对花生壳粉末（PSP）进行改性，得到疏水改性花生壳粉末（H-PSP）。水接触角测试结果表明，改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料（H-PSP-PUF-n，n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体PPU的质量分数）。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明，H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能，H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%（H-PSP-PUF-10）。与PUF相比，H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°，较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷五种油品进行油水分离实验，结果表明，H-PSP-PUF-10对不同油品的吸油倍率在7~9 g/g，而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后，H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5~8.0 g/g，具有良好的循环利用性。

Abstract:

In order to improve the hydrophobic properties of polyurethane foam (PUF), peanut shell powder (PSP) was firstly modified by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to prepare the hydrophobic modified peanut shell powder (H-PSP). The testing results of water contact angle showed that the water contact angle of modified H-PSP was increased from 0° of PSP to 145.2°. Then, PUF loaded with H-PSP composites (H-PSP-PUF-n, n is the mass fraction of H-PSP in polyurethane prepolymer PPU) were prepared by prepolymer method. The structure and properties of H-PSP-PUF-n were characterized and tested. The results showed that the loading of H-PSP on PUF improved the surface roughness and mechanical properties of foams. The optimal loading capacity of H-PSP was optimized to be 10% of the mass of PPU (H-PSP-PUF-10). Compared with PUF, the static water contact angle of H-PSP-PUF-10 reached to 142.4°, which was higher 50.4° than that of PUF. The oil-water separation experiments of dichloromethane, petroleum ether, kerosene, xylene and hexamethylene were carried out. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of H-PSP-PUF-10 for different oils was 7~9 g/g, as well as it had good oil-water selectivity. After 15 cycles of adsorption-desorption, the adsorption capacity of H-PSP-PUF-10 for different oils was about 6.5~8.0 g/g, which had excellent recyclability.