二氧化碳捕集化学吸收剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Chemical Absorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture

摘要:

为应对二氧化碳过度排放导致全球变暖的环境危机问题，中国提出“碳达峰、碳中和”的战略目标，二氧化碳捕集技术日益成为研究热点。本文主要针对液相化学捕集（溶剂吸收法）技术，重点介绍了醇胺类吸收剂、碳酸钾吸收剂、氨水吸收剂、离子液体吸收剂和相变吸收剂等几种二氧化碳捕集化学吸收剂的最新研究进展，详细介绍了各类吸收剂的化学反应机理、性能的优缺点、改进的方向以及面临的挑战，并对化学吸收剂未来发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

To cope with the environmental crisis of global warming caused by excessive CO_2 emissions, China has proposed the strategic goal of carbon dioxide emissions peak and carbon neutrality. And CO_2 capture technology is becoming a research hotspot. This paper focuses on the liquid-phase chemical capture (solvent absorption) technology, and the latest research progress of carbon dioxide adsorbents including alcohol-amine absorbent, potassium carbonate absorbent, ammonia absorbent, ionic liquid absorbent, and phase change absorbent is mainly introduced. Moreover, the chemical reaction mechanism, the advantages and disadvantages of various adsorbents are reviewed. Finally, the direction of improvement and the challenges faced at present are also discussed, and the future development of the chemical absorbents is presented.