荧光传导机理构建β-半乳糖苷酶探针的研究进展

Research progresses on β-galactosidase probes based on fluorescence transduction mechanisms

摘要:

?β-半乳糖苷酶（β-Gal）是细胞溶酶体中的一种糖苷水解酶，在催化糖苷键水解以及维持正常生命活动等领域起着至关重要的作用。开发能精确、快速检测?β-Gal活性的方法对于卵巢癌、细胞衰老引发疾病的早期诊断和分子生物学领域的研究是十分重要的。考虑到荧光探针具有检测灵敏、响应迅速和时空分辨率高等特性，该综述对近年来报道的?β-Gal荧光探针研究进展及其疾病诊断效果进行了总结，介绍了依据ICT、FRET、AIE和PET等信号传导机理构建?β-Gal荧光探针的分子设计策略及应用特点，并重点介绍了二维检测体系能够突破探针使用单一信号传导机理进行检测时常遇到的局限。综上，合理应用荧光信号传导机理构建具有灵敏性、空间分辨率高，化学稳定性好和细胞蓄积能力强等特点的β-Gal荧光探针，能够推进β-Gal荧光探针在卵巢癌诊断及治疗效果评价，细胞衰老程度评估和个体健康寿命预测等生物领域的高效应用。

Abstract:

β-Galactosidase (?β-Gal) is a glycoside hydrolase in cellular lysosomes. It plays a crucial role in hydrolyzing glycoside bonds and even maintaining normal life activities. The development of methods that can accurately and quickly identify β-Gal activity is indispensable for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and cellular senescence-causing diseases and the intensive research of molecular biology. Considering the good sensitivity, rapid response, and high temporal and spatial resolution of fluorescent probes, this review summarizes the research progresses on β-Gal fluorescence probes reported in recent years and their effects of disease diagnosis, the molecular design strategies and application characteristics of β-Gal fluorescence probes based on ICT, FRET, AIE, and PET fluorescence-signal transduction mechanisms, and highlights the two-dimensional detection system can break through the limitation of single signal transduction mechanism for probe detection. In summary, rational application of fluorescence mechanism for constructing β-Gal fluorescent probes with high sensitivity, spatial resolution, good chemical stability and strong cell accumulation capacity can advance the highly efficient applications of β-Gal fluorescent probes in biomedical fields, such as diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of ovarian cancer, cellular senescence assessment, and individual life-span prediction.