乙醇羰基化制丙酸及丙酸乙酯多相催化剂研究进展

Research progress of heterogeneous catalysts for the carbonylation of ethanol to propionic acid and ethyl propionate

摘要:

丙酸及丙酸乙酯是重要的化工产品和有机合成中间体。由于中国乙醇资源丰富，因此以乙醇为原料的非石油途径合成丙酸及丙酸乙酯得到广泛研究。乙醇均相羰基化存在收率低、反应条件苛刻以及产物与催化剂分离困难等问题。目前，多数研究主要集中在乙醇羰基化多相催化剂的开发。乙醇羰基化多相催化剂分为两类：贵金属催化剂和非贵金属催化剂。详细介绍了两类催化剂的研究进展，重点阐述了两类催化剂的反应机理以及助剂、载体和工艺参数对催化剂性能的影响，指出了不同催化剂的优势和不足，并对催化剂应用现状进行了分析。最后展望了乙醇多相羰基化合成丙酸及丙酸乙酯的发展前景，以期为设计和研发具有高活性和稳定性的催化剂提供思路。

Abstract:

Propionic acid and ethyl propionate are important chemical products and intermediates in organic synthesis. Due to the abundant ethanol resources, which could be obtained by the non-petroleum synthesis in China, the synthesis of propionate and ethyl propionate from ethanol has been extensively studied. However, the homogeneous carbonylation of ethanol encounters some problems, such as low yield, harsh reaction conditions and difficulty in separating the product from the catalyst. At present, the research on ethanol carbonylation mainly focuses on heterogeneous catalyst, includes noble metal catalyst and non-noble metal catalyst. In this paper, the research progress of the two types of catalysts is introduced in detail. The reaction mechanism of the two types of catalysts, the effects of promoters, supports and process parameters on the activity of two catalysts are emphatically described. The advantages and disadvantages of the different catalysts are pointed out and the application status of the catalysts is reviewed. Finally, the synthesis of propionic acid and ethyl propionate by the heterogeneous carbonylation of ethanol is prospected. Thus, this review could provide ideas for the design and development of catalysts with high activity and stability.