基于松油烯的表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

Synthesis and Properties of Terpinene-based Surfactant

摘要:

以α-松油烯为原料，通过Diels-Alder反应制得叔胺（TA），再利用产物TA制得氧化叔胺（TAO）、苄氯季铵盐（TABC）和碘甲基季铵盐（TAMI）三种表面活性剂；采用FTIR及1HNMR对产物进行结构表征，并考察了三种表面活性剂的表面性能和抑菌性能。结果发现，TAO、TABC和TAMI的临界胶束浓度（CMC）分别是3.39×10-3、2.46×10-3和2.37×10-3 mol/L，临界胶束浓度下的表面张力（γCMC）分别是33、25.2和26.4 mN/m，要比商品化表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（DDBAC）的CMC和γCMC更低；TAO、TABC和TAMI具有良好的乳化能力，乳化时间分别为581、341.7和271 s。TABC和TAMI起泡高度可达76.62和87.77 mm，并且二者稳泡性能可达到0.85和0.87；此外，TABC和TAMI具有很好的钙硬水稳定性，非离子型的TAO钙硬水稳定性较差。抑菌实验发现，TABC对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最好，抑菌圈直径为21 mm，抑菌率可达99.99%。

Abstract:

Three surfactants of tertiary amine N-oxide (TAO), tertiary amine N-benzyl chloride (TABC), and tertiary amine N-methyl iodide (TAMI) were derived from a new tertiary amine (TA) who was synthesized from α-terpinene by Diels-Alder reaction. Their structures were identified by FTIR and 1HHMR, and their surface properties and bacteriostatic ability were investigated. Tests found that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of TAO, TABC and TAMI are 3.39×10-3, 2.46×10-3 and 2.37×10-3 mol/L, and their γCMC are 33, 25.2 and 26.4 mN/m, respectively, which was better than the commercial analogue that is dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC). The emulsifying time of TAO (528 s), TABC (341.7 s) and TAMI (271 s) are enough long for them to have a good emulsification ability. Except for TAO, both TABC and TAMI have a good foaming performance and foam stability with the foaming height of 76.62 mm and 87.77 mm, and the foaming stability of 0.85 and 0.87, respectively. In addition, they perform well in calcium hard water stability test. Furthermore, TABC shows the best bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus, with 21 mm in the diameter of bacteriostatic zone and 99.99% in the bacteriostatic rates.