疏水深共熔溶剂在绿色化学工艺中的应用

Application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents in green chemical technology

摘要:

疏水深共熔溶剂因制备简单、低毒性、高热稳定性及高生物降解性，被认为是传统有毒有害有机溶剂和离子液体的潜在替代品。其良好的疏水性、高度可调的物理化学特性及其对有机和无机化合物的优异溶解能力，可满足许多工业应用需求。疏水深共熔溶剂通过静电作用、离子交换和氢键的协同作用，实现了对目标物的高效分离、定向催化和改性。该文总结了疏水深共熔溶剂的结构组成及其性能影响因素，综述了疏水深共熔溶剂在分离提取、污染物去除、生物催化、材料改性及食品安全检测中的研究进展。疏水深共熔溶剂能够通过结构组成变化实现溶剂特性的定向调控，在宽pH范围内高选择性地提取了各种目标成分，简化了催化和改性的工艺过程，其高度的循环稳定性极大地减少了溶剂消耗量，在绿色化学工艺中展现出可替代传统溶剂的巨大潜力。但疏水深共熔溶剂各组分间的协同机制尚不明晰，仍需在后续研究中进一步阐明其作用机理，以期实现疏水深共熔溶剂的精准定制及高效应用。

Abstract:

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents are recognized as potential substitute of traditional toxic and harmful organic solvents and ionic liquids due to their simple preparation, low toxicity, high thermal stability and high biodegradability. Their hydrophobicity, highly adjustable physical and chemical properties and excellent solubility of organic and inorganic compounds can meet the needs of many industrial applications. Through the synergistic effect of electrostatic interaction, ions exchange and hydrogen bond, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents achieved efficient separation, directional catalysis and modification of the target substances. This paper summarizes the structure composition and performance influencing factors of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents, and review the application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents in separation and extraction, pollutant removal, biocatalysts, material modification and food safety detection. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents can achieve targeted regulation of the solvent properties by changing their structure composition, then highly selective extracts various target components in a wide pH range, and simplifies the process of catalysis and modification. Their high cycle stability greatly reduces the consumption of solvent, and shows great potential to replace traditional solvents in green chemical technology. However, the synergistic mechanism between the compositions of the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents is not clear, it is necessary to further to clarify their function mechanism in order to achieve the precise customization and efficient application of the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents.