海洋防腐领域中有机缓蚀剂的研究进展

Research progress of organic corrosion inhibitors in marine corrosion protection

摘要:

海洋环境（海水、海洋大气和海泥）是条件极为严苛的自然腐蚀环境。船舶和海洋工程等长期服役在海洋环境中的钢铁结构体极易被腐蚀。有机缓蚀剂具有分子结构可设计性强、缓蚀效率高、作用时间长等优点，可有效阻止或减缓金属的腐蚀。因此，在海洋防腐涂料中添加有机缓蚀剂是提升其耐蚀性能的有效方法。本文结合国内外最新研究进展，综述了有机小分子缓蚀剂和聚合物缓蚀剂的特性以及其在海洋防腐涂料中的应用，包括总结归纳各种有机缓蚀剂的分子结构和性能影响因素，分析有机缓蚀剂的表征手段和作用机制，讨论不同添加工艺对有机缓蚀剂在防腐涂料中的应用研究。最后，对有机缓蚀剂未来发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

The marine environment (sea water, marine atmosphere, and sea mud) is a naturally corrosive environment with extremely harsh conditions. Steel structures, such as shipping and offshore engineering, which have been used in the marine environment for a long time, are prone to corrosion. Organic corrosion inhibitors have the advantages of excellent design ability of molecular structure, high corrosion inhibition efficiency, and long actuation duration, which can effectively prevent or slow down the corrosion of metals. Therefore, adding an organic corrosion inhibitor to marine anti-corrosion coatings is an effective strategy to improve corrosion resistance. Based on the latest research status at home and abroad, this review summarized the characteristics of organic small molecule corrosion inhibitors and polymer corrosion inhibitors and their applications in marine anti-corrosion coatings, including the molecular structure and performance influencing factors of various organic corrosion inhibitors, analyzing the characteristics and mechanism of organic corrosion inhibitors, and discussing the application of organic corrosion inhibitors in anti-corrosion coatings by different fortification technology. Finally, the future development of organic corrosion inhibitors is prospective.