氯氟烃替代物的过去、现在和未来

Past, present and future of chlorofluorocarbons substitutes

摘要:

该文对氯氟烃（CFCs）替代物的开发方法、发展现状进行了介绍。目前，开发出的CFCs替代物包括氢氯氟碳（HCFCs）、氢氟烃（HFCs）和氢氟烯烃（HFOs）。其中，HFOs环境性能优异，可在制冷和发泡领域实现对HFCs的替代。总结了HFOs的主要合成路线，并指出最佳的产业化路线。展望了CFCs替代物的未来发展趋势，由于HFOs的核心专利被国外发达国家所垄断，而且HFOs存在二次污染和易燃的风险，同时HFOs类物质的性能难以满足精密清洗、高端芯片先进制程、高压电器绝缘等领域的使用要求，因此，今后的研究重点在于，开发满足国家重大战略需求的新一代替代物，实现诸多领域CFCs的精准替代。

Abstract:

The development methods and development status of alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were introduced in this review. Currently, developed alternatives to CFCs include hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). Among them, HFOs have excellent environmental performance, which can be used to replace HFCs in the fields of refrigeration and foaming. The main synthetic routes of HFOs are summarized, and the best industrialization route is pointed out. However, the core patents of HFOs are monopolized by foreign developed countries, and HFOs have the risk of secondary pollution and flammability. Besides, the performance of HFOs is difficult to meet the application requirements in the fields of precision cleaning, high-end chip manufacturing process and high-voltage electrical insulation. Looking forward to the future development of CFCs substitutes, it is proposed that the future research focus will be: it is necessary to develop a new generation of alternatives to meet the country's major strategic needs so that our contry achieve precise replacement of CFCs in many fields.