太阳能驱动大气集水：进展与展望

Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting: progress and prospect

摘要:

受太阳能界面蒸发和被动辐射冷却启发的太阳能驱动大气集水技术(Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting,SAWH),以绿色和可持续的方式产生淡水,具有不受地域限制的优势,在解决淡水资源危机方面具有巨大的潜力。近年来,为更好的实现SAWH的应用,研究者对太阳能驱动大气集水技术的核心部件——吸湿材料不断进行优化,开发出吸湿盐基、沸石基、硅胶基、MOFs基等多类吸湿材料,同时对集水装置进行设计和改进,取得了新的进展。本文对SAWH进行全面的回顾,梳理了适应于太阳能驱动大气集水应用的不同吸湿材料,并对材料的性能进行了比较。分析不同的太阳能驱动的大气集水系统,讨论了在不同气候条件下集水系统的潜在应用,并对这一技术的发展方向进行展望,为实现SAWH的应用推广提供理论指导和技术支持。

Abstract:

Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH), inspired by solar interface evaporation and passive radiation cooling, produces freshwater in a green and sustainable manner. It has the advantages of being free from geographical constraints and has great potential in solving the crisis of freshwater resources. In recent years, in order to better realize the application of SAWH, researchers have continuously optimized the moisture absorption materials, the core component of solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting technology, and developed a variety of moisture absorption materials such as moisture absorption salts, zeolites, silica gel, and MOFs. At the same time, new progress has been made in the design and improvement of water gathering devices. In this paper, SAWH is comprehensively reviewed, and different moisture absorption materials suitable for solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting are combed, and the properties of the materials are compared. Different solar-driven atmospheric water gathering systems are analyzed, and the potential applications of water gathering systems under different climatic conditions are discussed. The development direction of this technology is prospected, which provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the application and promotion of SAWH.