氟硅耐候自清洁涂层的制备及在高铁动车组上应用

Construction of weather resistant self-cleaning fluorosilicone coating andits application on high-speed railway

摘要:

利用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酸酯（SMA）、3-(丙烯酰氧基)丙基三异丙氧基硅烷（AC-76）和2-(全氟辛基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯（FOEMA）合成一系列不同单体比例的聚合物（P1~P5），并用于构建耐候自清洁涂层。利用FTIR、1HNMR对聚合物结构进行表征，采用紫外-可见分光光度计及接触角测量仪测试了FOEMA和SMA质量分数涂层的透光率及疏水性的影响，当SMA质量分数为10%，FOEMA质量分数为15%（以反应体系总质量计，下同）时制备的涂层P3具有最大的透光率和水接触角，分别为98.6%和105.3°；人工加速老化实验结果表明，涂层P3具有极佳的耐候性，加速老化5000 h后，涂层的保光率及疏水性变化很小；液滴滑落及涂鸦实验结果表明，涂层P3具有优异的抗污及自清洁效果；摩擦实验结果表明，涂层P3在900 g压力下摩擦100次后其接触角仍大于95°，说明其具有优异的机械稳定性。最后，将该涂层喷涂到高铁动车组上，该涂层对动车组外车身实际污染物具有明显的自清洁效果。

Abstract:

A series of polymers with different monomer ratios were synthesized by using methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), stearyl methacrylates (SMA), 3-(acryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (AC-76) and 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate (FOEMA) and used to construct weather resistant self-cleaning coatings. The molecular structure of the polymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The effect of mass fraction of FOEMA and SMA on the transmittance and hydrophobicity of the coating was studied by a spectrophotometer and a contact angle meter. When the mass fraction of SMA was 10% and the mass fraction of FOEMA was 15% (based on the total mass of the reaction system, the same below), the prepared coating P3 had the maximum transmittance and water contact angle, which were 98.6% and 105.3°, respectively. The results of artificial accelerated aging experiments show that the coating P3 has excellent weather resistance. After 5000 h of accelerated aging, the gloss retention and hydrophobicity of the coating changed little. The results of the drop slip and graffiti experiments show that the coating P3 has excellent antifouling and self-cleaning effects. The friction test results show that the contact angle of the coating P3 is still greater than 95° after 100 times of friction under 900 g pressure, indicating that it has excellent mechanical stability. Finally, the coating was sprayed on the high-speed railway carriage, which has a significant self-cleaning effect on the actual pollutants on the exterior body of the carriage.