金属有机骨架固载离子液体复合材料研究进展

Research development of metal-organic framework immobilized ionic liquid composites

摘要:

离子液体是一种由阴离子和阳离子共同组成的有机熔融盐，其挥发性低、热稳定性和化学稳定性好、电化学窗口宽、结构可调变，近年来在诸多领域具有广泛的应用。但由于其黏度大不便于输送和操作，合成成本较高、回收利用率低等缺点，其发展受到了一定的限制。金属有机骨架 (MOFs) 材料是由金属离子/团簇和有机配体通过配位键自组装形成的具有分子内孔隙结构的有机-无机杂化材料。以MOFs为载体固载离子液体，不仅可以保留离子液体的优势，还可以赋予离子液体而很多新的特性。本文从MOFs固载离子液体的理论计算和实验应用研究出发，综述了MOFs固载离子液体的起源和固载方式，分析了MOFs和离子液体之间的兼容性、固载形式和相互作用，并对MOFs固载离子液体的瓶颈问题进行了分析，对发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Ionic liquids are organic molten salts composed of both anions and cations. They possess low volatility, good thermal and chemical stability, wide electrochemical window, and adjustable structure, which are widely used in many fields in recent years. However, owing to the high synthetic cost, high viscosity, inconvenient transport and operation, and low recyclability, the development has been limited to a certain extent. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are organic-inorganic hybrid materials with intra-molecular pore structures formed by the self-assembly of metal ions or clusters and organic ligands through coordination bonds. The ionic liquids are immobilized on MOFs carriers to form composites which not only could solve the disadvantages of ionic liquids, but also endow the ionic liquids with many new properties. In this paper, we review the origin and immobilization methods of MOFs immobilized ionic liquids, and analyze the compatibility, immobilization forms, and interactions between MOFs and ionic liquids, based on the computational research and experimental application progress of MOFs immobilized ionic liquids. Finally, we discuss the bottlenecks of MOFs immobilized ionic liquids and provide an outlook on the development direction.