直接甲醇燃料电池中碳基载体材料的研究进展

Research progress of carbon-based support materials for direct methanol fuel cells

摘要:

甲醇氧化电催化剂是决定直接甲醇燃料电池（direct methanol fuel cells, DMFCs）性能、寿命与成本的关键。为获得高功率密度和低生产成本的DMFCs，设计合成具有组成、结构、形貌可控的阳极催化剂备受关注。阳极催化剂的颗粒尺寸、粒径分布、形貌结构、稳定性、分散性以及催化活性都和负载它的载体息息相关，而碳基载体材料由于其优异的性能被广泛应用于DMFCs领域。本文分别介绍了酸性环境和碱性环境中甲醇氧化反应的机理，然后对不同形式的碳基载体材料，例如炭黑、介孔碳、碳纳米材料、氧功能化碳、杂原子掺杂碳、以及金属氧化物改性碳作为催化剂载体在DMFCs领域中的应用进行了综述，最后对DMFCs的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

Methanol oxidation electrocatalyst is the key to the performance, life and cost of direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs). In order to obtain DMFCs with high power density and low production cost, the design and synthesis of anode catalysts with controllable composition, structure and morphology have attracted much attention. The particle size, particle size distribution, morphology, stability, dispersion and catalytic activity of anode catalyst are closely related to the support. And carbon-based support materials are wide-ly used in DMFCs because of their excellent properties. This paper introduces the mechanism of methanol oxidation reaction in acidic and alkaline environments, and then reviews the application of different forms of carbon materials, such as carbon black, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanomaterials, graphene, ox-ygen-functionalized carbon, heteroatom-doped carbon, and metal oxide-modified carbon as catalyst sup-port in the field of DMFCs. Finally, the Development trend of direct methanol fuel cells is prospected.