明胶基静电纺丝复合纤维材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Gelatin-based Electrospinning Composite Fiber Materials

摘要:

明胶是一种来源广泛且价格低廉的天然高分子物质，动物皮、骨及筋腱等生物来源和制革过程中产生的废革屑是其重要来源。明胶具有良好的生物相容性和可生物降解性，因此被广泛地应用于柔性电子、医药等工业领域。静电纺丝法是制备微纳米级纤维的常用方法，具有操作简便、成本低廉、条件温和等优势，已成为制备微纳米级纤维材料的主要途径之一。通过该法制备的明胶纤维具有高比表面积和长径比，纤维膜的孔隙率和力学强度可调，与其他物质复合纺丝后可获得传感、抗菌、自修复、过滤等性能，极大地拓宽了其应用前景。本文综述了静电纺丝技术的发展现状、以明胶为原料制备复合纤维材料的工艺参数和复合方法，并详细介绍了明胶基静电纺丝材料在众多领域中的应用现状。最后，展望了明胶基静电纺丝材料的发展趋势及应用前景。

Abstract:

Gelatin is a natural polymer substance with a wide range of sources and low price, and its important source is derived from biological sources such as animal skin, bone and tendons, as well as waste leather chips produced during the tanning process. Because of the outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability of gelatin, it is widely used in flexible electronics, medicine and other industrial fields. Electrospinning technology is a common way to prepare micro- and nano-scale fibers, which has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and mild conditions, and has become one of the main ways to prepare micro- and nano-scale fiber materials. The gelatin fiber prepared by this method has high specific surface area and length-diameter ratio, the porosity and mechanical strength of the fiber film can be adjusted, and the sensing, antibacterial, self-healing and filtration properties can be obtained after spinning with other substances, which greatly expands its application prospect. This article summarizes the development status of electrospinning technology, the process parameters and composite methods of preparing composite fiber materials with gelatin as raw material, and introduces in detail the application status of gelatin-based electrospinning materials in many fields. Finally, prospects the development trend and application prospects of gelatin-based electrospinning materials.