氨燃料固体氧化物燃料电池性能研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect on the performance of ammonia solid oxide fuel cells

摘要:

氨是一种零碳燃料,也是富氢载体,具有较大储运优势。固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)是一种清洁高效发电装置,在分布式发电、热电联供、储能调峰等领域有广阔应用前景,氨气可直接用作SOFC阳极燃料以实现高效、清洁、低成本发电。首先简介了质子传导型和氧离子传导型氨SOFC的工作原理,电解质、电极材料的选择以及氨气在阳极的分解过程。其次总结了氨SOFC的实验研究现状,以单电池最大功率密度为评价指标,综述了不同电解质/电极材料、电解质厚度、操作温度等因素下两种传导类型的氨SOFC的性能表现,并分析了造成电池性能差异的原因。之后介绍了氨SOFC当前面临的挑战,最后对氨SOFC未来研究方向、热电联供系统的应用进行了展望。

Abstract:

As a zero-carbon fuel and a hydrogen carrier, ammonia has great storage and transportation advantages. Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) is a clean and efficient power generation device, which has promising application prospects in distributed power generation, combined heat and power generation, energy storage and peaking, etc. Ammonia can be used directly as SOFCs anode fuel for efficient, clean, low-cost power generation. The working principles of proton-conducting and oxygen ion-conducting ammonia SOFCs, the electrolyte and electrode materials, and the decomposition process of ammonia at the anode were introduced firstly. Based on this, the experimental research status of ammonia SOFCs was summarized. Using the maximum power density of single cell as evaluation indicator, the performance of two types ammonia SOFCs with different electrolytes and electrode materials, electrolyte thicknesses, and temperatures were reviewed. And the reasons for the difference in cell performance were analyzed. After that, the current challenges of ammonia SOFCs were introduced, and eventually the future research direction of ammonia SOFCs and the application of combined heat and power system were prospected.