硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料用无卤阻燃剂的研究进展

Research progress of flame retardants for polyurethane foaming materials

摘要:

聚氨酯常用卤系阻燃剂存在燃烧时释放卤化氢腐蚀性气体及有毒有害物质的问题，危害人体健康。近年来，无卤阻燃剂以无卤、低烟、环保的优势，已逐渐替代卤系阻燃剂用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃。本文以添加型阻燃剂、反应型阻燃剂两方面为大方向，并进一步以有机、无机、膨胀型、氮、磷、硅、纳米等为小类对硬质聚氨酯泡沫用无卤阻燃剂进行细分，综述了其特点、阻燃机理、常见应用阻燃剂、阻燃效果，并对聚氨酯泡沫用无卤阻燃剂常见通用阻燃机理进行了阐述。最后，对今后聚氨酯泡沫用无卤阻燃剂发展热点进行了展望。

Abstract:

The commonly used halogenated flame retardants in polyurethane have the problem of releasing corrosive gases and toxic and harmful substances such as hydrogen halide during combustion, which poses a threat to human health. In recent years, halogen-free flame retardants have gradually replaced halogen-free flame retardants for flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam with the advantages of halogen-free, low smoke and environmental protection. In this paper, halogen-free flame retardants for rigid polyurethane foam were subdivided in two major directions: additive flame retardants and reactive flame retardants, and in the following sub categories: organic, inorganic, intumescent, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, nano, etc. The characteristics, flame retardant mechanism, common flame retardants and flame retardant effects of halogen-free flame retardants for rigid polyurethane foam were summarized. The common universal flame retardant mechanisms of halogen-free flame retardants for polyurethane foam were described. At last, the development hotspots of halogen-free flame retardants for polyurethane foam were prospected.