全固态锂电池热安全性研究进展

Research progress on thermal safety of all solid-state lithium-ion batteries

摘要:

随着液态锂电池的广泛应用，热失控现象时有发生，其热安全性成为亟待解决的问题。全固态锂电池以其优异的安全性显示出巨大的应用潜力。该文简要介绍了全固态锂电池的基本概念及组成结构，重点阐述了氧化物、硫化物以及聚合物固体电解质的最新研究进展，并对这3类全固态锂电池的热安全性差异进行了总结，包括固体电解质材料级别、固体电解质与活性材料或锂金属负极混合时界面级别以及全电池级别的热安全性。此外，锂枝晶现象对全固态锂电池安全性的影响仍不可忽视。目前针对材料和界面级别的热安全性研究众多，但全电池级别的研究较少，且多集中在小容量电池，针对全电池级别的热安全性仍需进一步探究。最后指出了未来高安全性全固态锂电池的商业化应用应着力于解决全固态锂电池中的关键界面问题以及锂枝晶问题。

Abstract:

With the widespread use of liquid lithium batteries, thermal runaway phenomenon occurs from time to time, and their thermal safety has become an urgent issue to be solved. The all-solid-state lithium battery shows great potential for application with its excellent safety. The paper briefly introduces the basic concept and structure of all-solid-state lithium batteries, focuses on the latest research progress of oxide, sulfide and polymer solid electrolytes, and summarizes the differences in the thermal safety of these three types of all-solid-state lithium batteries, including the thermal safety at the level of the solid electrolyte material, the level of the interface between the solid electrolyte and the mixing of the active material or the lithium metal cathode, and the thermal safety at the level of the full-cell battery. In addition, the influence of lithium dendrite phenomenon on the safety of all-solid-state lithium batteries is still not negligible. At present, there are many studies on the thermal safety at the material and interface levels, but fewer studies at the full-cell level, and most of them are focused on small-capacity batteries, so the thermal safety at the full-cell battery level still needs to be further investigated. Finally, it is pointed out that the future commercialization of high-safety all-solid-state lithium batteries should focus on solving the key interface problems and lithium dendrite problems in all-solid-state lithium batteries.