铜基材料电催化还原硝酸盐制氨研究进展

Advances in electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia over copper-based catalysts

摘要:

人类工农业活动导致环境中硝酸盐浓度升高，利用电催化技术将硝酸盐还原合成氨符合“双碳”政策，可达到去除硝酸盐污染和制备氨的双重目的。该文综述了铜基材料电催化硝酸盐还原的反应机理，从反应机理角度分析了不同铜基催化材料优势性能的起源。围绕铜单原子、单金属铜、铜基合金、铜基氧化物和铜金属有机框架的大量研究实例分析，对不同铜基催化材料硝酸盐还原合成氨性能归纳总结。通过对铜基材料硝酸盐还原影响因素的分析，针对目前存在的问题展开探讨，以期为未来铜基催化剂电催化硝酸盐还原制氨的开发与实际应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Nitrate concentration in the environment has increased due to human industrial and agricultural activities, and the use of electrocatalytic technology to reduce nitrate to ammonia is in line with the "two-carbon" policy, which achieves the dual purpose of nitrate pollution removal and ammonia preparation. The paper reviews the reaction mechanism of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction by copper-based materials and analyses the origin of the advantageous properties of different copper-based catalytic materials from the perspective of the reaction mechanism. The performance of different copper-based catalytic materials for nitrate reduction of ammonia synthesis is summarised around the analysis of a large number of research examples of copper monoatoms, monometallic copper, copper-based alloys, copper-based oxides and copper-metal organic frameworks. By analysing the influencing factors on nitrate reduction of copper-based materials, the current problems are discussed with a view to providing reference for the development and practical application of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction of ammonia from copper-based catalysts in the future.